More than 2 times as much railroad tracks as the South, which made movement of troops, food, and supplies quicker and easier. Twice as many factories as the South, so the union was better able to produce the guns, ammunition, shoes, and other army items. More money in their banks, this lead to a better economy. Already had a functioning government with a small army & navy. 2/3 of the nation's men population lived in the Union states which provided more men in the Union army, while allowing for a sufficent labor force to remain behind for farm and factory work.
| Most of the nation's military colleges were in the South. Majority of the nation's trained officers were Southerners and sided with the Confederacy. Southern army didn't need to start any military action to win the war. All they needed was to keep a defensive position and avoid getting beaten. ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE: They felt that they were fighting to preserve their way of life, and they believed, their right to self-government.
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